Feb. 13th, 2020

The effect of demonetization in terms of its stated goals were limited at best. Because almost all the demonetized currency was returned to the central bank, it failed in its goal of taxing undeclared income and black (undeclared) wealth. Moreover, available estimates of the circulation of counterfeit currency at the time of demonetization suggested that it was minuscule to start with. Relative to past trends, demonetization does not appear to have had any significant effect on the tax base.

Amartya Lahiri "The Great Indian Demonetization"
https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.34.1.55

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