Бельгии могло не быть
Oct. 14th, 2002 12:53 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
borislvin(Веджвуд о событиях 1632 года)
In 1632 the Prince of Orange, invading unhindered, had seized Venloo, Roermond, and last of all the great fortress of Maestricht. A more daring and less perceptive leader would have marched on Brussels. Frederick Henry was held back by two considerations: in the first place he was uncertain whether his army would be strong enough to hold the line of communications between the frontier and the Flemish capital, and in the second neither he nor the government of the United Provinces was altogether certain that the fall of Brussels was desirable. There had been a secret agreement with Rechelieu to split the Spanish Netherlands from end to end, France absorbing the southern and the Dutch the northern half. But Frederick Henry saw that the destruction of Hapsburg power was leading already to the unbalanced aggrandisement of the Bourbon, and was henceforward determined to preserve at all costs the bufer between himself and the rising monarchy. Unknown to the Brussel government, the Dutch, their open enemies, were becoming the guarantors of their existence against the aggression of France.
Стр. 332
In 1632 the Prince of Orange, invading unhindered, had seized Venloo, Roermond, and last of all the great fortress of Maestricht. A more daring and less perceptive leader would have marched on Brussels. Frederick Henry was held back by two considerations: in the first place he was uncertain whether his army would be strong enough to hold the line of communications between the frontier and the Flemish capital, and in the second neither he nor the government of the United Provinces was altogether certain that the fall of Brussels was desirable. There had been a secret agreement with Rechelieu to split the Spanish Netherlands from end to end, France absorbing the southern and the Dutch the northern half. But Frederick Henry saw that the destruction of Hapsburg power was leading already to the unbalanced aggrandisement of the Bourbon, and was henceforward determined to preserve at all costs the bufer between himself and the rising monarchy. Unknown to the Brussel government, the Dutch, their open enemies, were becoming the guarantors of their existence against the aggression of France.
Стр. 332
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Date: 2002-10-14 12:11 am (UTC)Luchshee, chto ja chital pro istoriju Niderlandov, eto R. Israel, "Dutch republic: its rise, greatness, and fall". On schitaet, chto uzhe v XV-XVI veke byla zametna raznica mezhdu severnymi i juzhnymi provincijami, i posledujushij raskol byl ne sluchaen.
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Date: 2002-10-14 07:18 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2002-10-14 07:20 am (UTC)О каких пошлинах идет речь? В антверпенском порту голландцы пошлин не собирали.
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Date: 2002-10-14 07:23 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2002-10-14 12:34 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2002-10-14 03:57 pm (UTC)Мюнстерский договор - это 1648 год. Утрехтский - кажется, 1713, после войны за испанское наследство (лень в яндекс лезть). Гарнизоны стояли по барьерному трактату - это тоже наследие или войны за испанское наследство, или чуть раньше, но в любом случае ДО 1648 года.
А до Вестфальско-Мюнстерского мира голландцы пошлин во Фландрии не собирали и о блокировании Шельды вряд ли мечтали. Для них тогда ключевым вопросом было спасение от постоянной испанской угрозы, а не конкуренция Фландрии.
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Date: 2002-10-15 12:46 am (UTC)Мюнстерский договор - это 1648 год.
Vot imenno. Munsterskij dogovor zavershil vojnu, vazhnoj kampanijej kotoroj byli sobytija 1632 goda. Soobrazhenija, byvshie vazhnymi pri zakluchenii dogovora byli vazhny i pri vedenii vojny. Israel pishet, chto Zelandija voobshe dolgo soprotivlyalas' zaklucheniju mira imenno iz-za togo, chto mir ne pozvolyal vzimat' "wartime tariffs" s tovarov, idushih vo Flandriju i Brabant.
Zelandija sobirala nalogi na Schelde s XV veka, s nekotorymi pereryvami. Morskaja blokada Flamandskogo poberezhja i ustja Scheldy byla uspechnoj s zanyatija Brilya, kazhetsya, v 1582 i dlilas' vplot' do peremirija 1609 goda. Eto ne protivorechit tomu, chto Vy pishete pro tyazheloe polozhenije Severnyh provincij v vojne - prosto na more vojna byla gorazdo uspeshnee i s 1588 goda gollanskoe prevoshodstvo na more nad ispancami bylo podavlyajushim.
Vsu 30-letnuju vojnu dejstvovali wartime tariffs na torgovlu cherez granicu. A Zelandija byla pochti razorena 12-letnim peremirijem 1609 goda kak-raz iz-za togo, chto na eto vremya Flamandskie porty ne byli blokirovany.