Об федерализм
Mar. 4th, 2021 03:28 pm![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
borislvin29 января CDC выпустило (выпустил? выпустила?) бумагу, предписывающую обязательное ношение масок в общественном транспорте:
https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/masks/mask-travel-guidance.html
https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/pdf/Mask-Order-CDC_GMTF_01-29-21-p.pdf
Насколько это обоснованно с эпидемиологической точки зрения - в данном случае не так важно. Важнее другое. В самых первых строках бумаги дается правовое обоснование, то есть ссылка на законы, наделяющие, как предполагается, CDC правом выпускать такого рода документы. Конкретно, эта ссылка выглядит так:
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 264(a) and 42 CFR 70.2, 71.31(b), and 71.32(b)
42 U.S.C. 264(a)
The Surgeon General, with the approval of the Secretary, is authorized to make and enforce such regulations as in his judgment are necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases from foreign countries into the States or possessions, or from one State or possession into any other State or possession. For purposes of carrying out and enforcing such regulations, the Surgeon General may provide for such inspection, fumigation, disinfection, sanitation, pest extermination, destruction of animals or articles found to be so infected or contaminated as to be sources of dangerous infection to human beings, and other measures, as in his judgment may be necessary.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/264
42 CFR 70.2
Whenever the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention determines that the measures taken by health authorities of any State or possession (including political subdivisions thereof) are insufficient to prevent the spread of any of the communicable diseases from such State or possession to any other State or possession, he/she may take such measures to prevent such spread of the diseases as he/she deems reasonably necessary, including inspection, fumigation, disinfection, sanitation, pest extermination, and destruction of animals or articles believed to be sources of infection.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/70.2
42 CFR 71.31(b)
The Director may require detention of a carrier until the completion of the measures outlined in this part that are necessary to prevent the introduction or spread of a communicable disease. The Director may issue a controlled free pratique to the carrier stipulating what measures are to be met, but such issuance does not prevent the periodic boarding of a carrier and the inspection of persons and records to verify that the conditions have been met for granting the pratique.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/71.31
42 CFR 71.32(b)
Whenever the Director has reason to believe that any arriving carrier or article or thing on board the carrier is or may be infected or contaminated with a communicable disease, he/she may require detention, disinfection, disinfestation, fumigation, or other related measures respecting the carrier or article or thing as he/she considers necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/71.32
https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/masks/mask-travel-guidance.html
https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/pdf/Mask-Order-CDC_GMTF_01-29-21-p.pdf
Насколько это обоснованно с эпидемиологической точки зрения - в данном случае не так важно. Важнее другое. В самых первых строках бумаги дается правовое обоснование, то есть ссылка на законы, наделяющие, как предполагается, CDC правом выпускать такого рода документы. Конкретно, эта ссылка выглядит так:
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 264(a) and 42 CFR 70.2, 71.31(b), and 71.32(b)
42 U.S.C. 264(a)
The Surgeon General, with the approval of the Secretary, is authorized to make and enforce such regulations as in his judgment are necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases from foreign countries into the States or possessions, or from one State or possession into any other State or possession. For purposes of carrying out and enforcing such regulations, the Surgeon General may provide for such inspection, fumigation, disinfection, sanitation, pest extermination, destruction of animals or articles found to be so infected or contaminated as to be sources of dangerous infection to human beings, and other measures, as in his judgment may be necessary.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/264
42 CFR 70.2
Whenever the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention determines that the measures taken by health authorities of any State or possession (including political subdivisions thereof) are insufficient to prevent the spread of any of the communicable diseases from such State or possession to any other State or possession, he/she may take such measures to prevent such spread of the diseases as he/she deems reasonably necessary, including inspection, fumigation, disinfection, sanitation, pest extermination, and destruction of animals or articles believed to be sources of infection.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/70.2
42 CFR 71.31(b)
The Director may require detention of a carrier until the completion of the measures outlined in this part that are necessary to prevent the introduction or spread of a communicable disease. The Director may issue a controlled free pratique to the carrier stipulating what measures are to be met, but such issuance does not prevent the periodic boarding of a carrier and the inspection of persons and records to verify that the conditions have been met for granting the pratique.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/71.31
42 CFR 71.32(b)
Whenever the Director has reason to believe that any arriving carrier or article or thing on board the carrier is or may be infected or contaminated with a communicable disease, he/she may require detention, disinfection, disinfestation, fumigation, or other related measures respecting the carrier or article or thing as he/she considers necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/71.32
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no subject
Date: 2021-03-04 08:33 pm (UTC)Наконец-то. Не прошло и года.
no subject
Date: 2021-03-04 09:40 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2021-03-04 09:49 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2021-03-04 09:55 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2021-03-04 10:16 pm (UTC)Теоретически, наверно, можно поставить вопрос о том, допустимо ли со ссылкой на сугубо гипотетическую возможность межштатного переноса инфекции распространять федеральную юрисдикцию на внутриштатные вопросы. Может быть, это уже и было предметом тяжб, я просто не в курсе.
no subject
Date: 2021-03-04 10:20 pm (UTC)Постановить могутъ что угодно, по собственному произволу. Носите цаки въ носу и радуйтесь, иначе пожизненный эцихъ съ гвоздями.
no subject
Date: 2021-03-05 04:18 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2021-03-05 10:59 am (UTC)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGjWCFkD7xw