Поворотный пункт новейшей мировой истории
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borislvinЧто считать таким пунктом - дело, понятно, субъективное. Пол Джонсон считал таковым сражение при Новом Орлеане, где Джексон отбил атаку англичан. В свою очередь, предлагаю, как вариант, 1817 год, когда было подписано англо-американское соглашение о разоружении на Великих озерах после войны 1812-1815 годов. Собственно, проще сделать выписку из базовой книги Тревельяна ("British history in the Nineteenth century and after (1782-1919)". Первое издание было в 1922 году, мое - 1956 года.
... Before Castlereagh's career as Foreign Secretary ended, the fortunes of Anglo-American peace had been established on the sound basis of disarmament along the Canadian border, enabling future generations to weather many fierce storms, and to settle a frontier problem that no other two Great Powers would have been able to decide without war.
The problem before Great Britain and Canada on one side and the United States on the other was nothing less than to fix a frontier of four thousand miles, which, except in the region of the Lakes, was not indicated by any natural boundary. It was perhaps the greatest operation that has ever been achieved in the interest of peace, and it took many years and many statesmen to accomplish and perfect it. But the most important stage of the whole proceeding came in 1817, whe, after a sharp struggle inside the British Cabinet, the British and American Governments agreed to abolish their navies on the Great Lakes, and forthwith dismantled, sold or sank the warships on Erie and Ontario. Those fleets have never been reconstructed. From that moment forward "the long, invisible, unguarded line" that divides Canada from her neighbour has been successfully defended by the sole garrison of trust and good will, even during the frequently recurring periods of acrimonious disputes as to its whereabouts. If there had been armaments, there would some time have been war. ...
Кстати, комплект американских документов касательно разоружения на озерах, выложен здесь: http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/br1817n.htm
... Before Castlereagh's career as Foreign Secretary ended, the fortunes of Anglo-American peace had been established on the sound basis of disarmament along the Canadian border, enabling future generations to weather many fierce storms, and to settle a frontier problem that no other two Great Powers would have been able to decide without war.
The problem before Great Britain and Canada on one side and the United States on the other was nothing less than to fix a frontier of four thousand miles, which, except in the region of the Lakes, was not indicated by any natural boundary. It was perhaps the greatest operation that has ever been achieved in the interest of peace, and it took many years and many statesmen to accomplish and perfect it. But the most important stage of the whole proceeding came in 1817, whe, after a sharp struggle inside the British Cabinet, the British and American Governments agreed to abolish their navies on the Great Lakes, and forthwith dismantled, sold or sank the warships on Erie and Ontario. Those fleets have never been reconstructed. From that moment forward "the long, invisible, unguarded line" that divides Canada from her neighbour has been successfully defended by the sole garrison of trust and good will, even during the frequently recurring periods of acrimonious disputes as to its whereabouts. If there had been armaments, there would some time have been war. ...
Кстати, комплект американских документов касательно разоружения на озерах, выложен здесь: http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/br1817n.htm
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Ïîçâîëüòå ïîëþáîïûòñòâîâàòü
Date: 2001-08-05 11:21 pm (UTC)Re: Ïîçâîëüòå ïîëþáîïûòñòâîâàòü
Date: 2001-08-06 07:07 am (UTC)Re: Ïîçâîëüòå ïîëþáîïûòñòâîâàòü
Re: Ïîçâîëüòå ïîëþáîïûòñòâîâàòü
Date: 2001-08-06 08:55 am (UTC)Íî ìîé ïîéíò äðóãîé.
Ñîãëàøåíèå 1817 ãîäà ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàëî îøèáî÷íîñòü òðàäèöèîííîãî "äàðâèíèñòñêîãî" ïîäõîäà ê ìåæäóíàðîäíûì îòíîøåíèÿì, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîìó âñå ãîñóäàðñòâà ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ ñòðåìÿòñÿ îãðàáèòü äðóã äðóãà. Ýòîò ïîäõîä ïðèâîäèò ê òåîðèè "âîîðóæåííîãî ðàâíîâåñèÿ", ê íåîáõîäèìîñòè ãîíêè âîîðóæåíèé è ñîçäàíèÿ áëîêîâ.
 áîëåå îáùåì ïëàíå îí ñëóæèò òåîðåòè÷åñêèì îáîñíîâàíèåì íåîáõîäèìîñòè ãîñóäàðñòâà êàê èíñòèòóòà - ìîë, âàæíåéøàÿ åãî çàäà÷à ñîñòîèò â çàùèòå îò âíåøíåãî âðàãà; íàëè÷èå âíåøíåãî âðàãà ïðåäîïðåäåëåíî ñàìèì ôàêòîì ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ áëèæíèõ è äàëüíèõ ñîñåäåé; åäèíñòâåííàÿ çàùèòà îò ýòîãî âðàãà - ïîñòîÿííîå óêðåïëåíèå îáîðîíû; öåëü âðàãà - ïîëíîå óíè÷òîæåíèå íàøåé ñòðàíû, òàê ÷òî íèêàêèå ðàñõîäû íà îáîðîíó íå ìîãóò ñ÷èòàòüñÿ ÷ðåçìåðíûìè. Íó è ò.ä.
ß âîâñå íå óòâåðæäàþ, ÷òî â ñåãîäíÿøíèõ ðåàëèÿõ îáîðîíà íå íóæíà, ÷òî âñå âðàãè - èëëþçîðíû. Ðå÷ü èäåò î äðóãîì - î òîì, ÷òî íåâåðíà îêàçûâàåòñÿ îáùàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ. Èìååòñÿ êîíòïðèìåð, îïðîâåðãàþùèé åå óíèâåðñàëüíîñòü. Ìîæíî æèòü èíà÷å.
Re: Ïîçâîëüòå ïîëþáîïûòñòâîâàòü
Date: 2001-08-06 10:08 am (UTC)Re: Re: Ïîçâîëüòå ïîëþáîïûòñòâîâàòü
Date: 2001-08-06 10:15 am (UTC)Äâóñìûñëåííîé áûëà ñàìà âîéíà ñåâåðà è þãà. Ñïîðû î åå ïðèðîäå è î òîì, êòî áûë ïðàâ, à êòî íåò, â Øòàòàõ ïðîäîëæàþòñÿ âîâñþ. Äâóñìûñëåííîñòü ïîâåäåíèÿ äðóãèõ ñòðàí áûëà âñåãî ëèøü îòðàæåíèåì ýòîé èñõîäíîé äâóñìûñëåííîñòè.
Êëþ÷åâûì ñîáûòèåì òóò, âèäèìî, íàäî ñ÷èòàòü òîò ôàêò, ÷òî âîéíà íå ïðèâåëà ê âîçîáíîâëåíèþ âîîðóæåííîãî ïðîòèâîñòîÿíèÿ íà êàíàäñêîé ãðàíèöå (âåäü ýòî áûëà ãðàíèöà èìåííî ñ ñåâåðÿíàìè).  ýòîì ñìûñëå äàííàÿ âîéíà êàê ðàç è ïîäòâåðæäàåò ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ñîãëàøåíèÿ 1817 ãîäà - îíî ñðàáîòàëî äàæå â ñàìûõ íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûõ óñëîâèÿõ.
no subject
Date: 2001-08-06 03:07 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2001-08-06 07:19 am (UTC)Çàìå÷ó ïðè ýòîì, ÷òî ñðàæåíèå ïðè Íîâîì Îðëåàíå ñîáûòèåì ìèðîâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ ñ÷èòàåò Ïîë Äæîíñîí - íå àìåðèêàíåö, à ÷èñòîé âîäû áðèòàíåö. Èç ðåçóëüòàòîâ ýòîãî â ñâîåì ðîäå êóðüåçíîãî ñðàæåíèÿ îí âûâîäèò âñþ äàëüíåéøóþ ëèíèþ îòíîøåíèé Àíãëèè è ÑØÀ, äëÿ ìèðîâîé èñòîðèè, î÷åâèäíî, êëþ÷åâóþ.